The answer, per the heading of the section, is the offence of “use, trafficking, or possession of forged document.” Then, I ask them to find the offence by using the index, and this is when the game gets interesting.
Whichever team finds the answer first receives a point. One Jeopardy question asks the students to find out which criminal offence is found under s. It’s challenging and competitive but also a vehicle for indexing.
#REFERENCE TRACKER ZORATO CODE#
To make the learning fun, I gamify this search through the intricacies of the Code by playing Criminal Code Jeopardy. To have a “hard copy” of the Criminal Code is a must. Even in the digital world where the index is invisible, the courtroom is still a place venerating the written word. The index helps with this navigation and learning. The only way to become comfortable with a statute is to become fluent in its language and to be able to easily unravel the interconnections between the sections. In that Powercast, I insist the students have the Code on hand and use it. I teach this through a narrated PowerPoint or Powercast, which the students interact with before classes start.
#REFERENCE TRACKER ZORATO HOW TO#
When I teach 1Ls criminal law, the first concept we discuss is how to navigate the Criminal Code. Indeed, as discussed by Duncan, Google is premised on an indexing of all web pages.Īnother legal index I use often, is the index found at the back of Martin’s Annotated Annual Criminal Code. Our digital legal databases with their key word searches are also a form of indexing. There are other index-like research tools such as the Canadian Abridgment Digests, which includes summaries of caselaw. The subject index to the Canadian Criminal Cases for instance, could lead the researcher to the many cases on the chosen research topic, be it “confessions” or “theory of the defence.” Often these results gave you differing aspects of the word or phrase searched as seen through case law. In some ways, these first indexes are very much like the legal research we did before the digital age. A preacher would use these references as an aide-memoire, allowing them to dazzle the audience with a nuanced reflective piece encompassing an array of biblical and philosophical literature. It is not a dictionary, as the objective was not to define but to provide contextual snippets of word usage throughout various ecclesiastical references. In the 1100s, the scholastic theologian, aptly named Peter the Chanter, compiled these distinctio into one index. This early form of indexing was called distinctiones, a Latin term, meaning distinction, consisted of taking a topic and separating it into its various meanings through its usage in multiple documents. Indexing was used to sermonize by providing easily accessible connections on a particular topic within the theological commentary and biblical references. This is unsurprising as law does as well. This blog article will trace how indexing is used in law.įirst, a little history lesson compliments of Dennis Duncan. These aspects of indexing brought to my mind the use of indexing in the law as a not just an organizational tool but as a form for creating relationships within the indexed content.
Duncan’s book provides more than a definition and a history, it also explores the use of indexes as a form of commentary, satire, and disruption. An index is a language we use, like short hand, from where we go to unpack the information we are looking for. In other “words,” an index is like a map, but unlike a map, the index does not point us to a geographical area as the end point but to places in the text where we find words. As Dennis Duncan explains, an index reveals a spatial relationship between a concept and its place in the reading material. Originally, the index had pride of place in the front of the text but gradually, as table of contents became de rigueur, the index moved to the back, almost like an afterword. His definition of indexing, at its basic level, is a “system adopted as a timesaver, telling us where to look for things” (I found this definition by using the book’s index at “indexes, definition of” that pointed me to page 3). I recently read a fascinating book on the art of indexing written by Dennis Duncan entitled “Index, A History of the.” Dennis Duncan is a lecturer in English at the University College London with a particular interest in book structure including translation.
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